Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) is a very important phase in the project development process, where the design and scope of the project are further developed and refined based on the outputs from the earlier Basic Engineering or FEL2 phase.
Below are the key FEED deliverables:
1. Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)
The process flow diagrams showing all major equipment, process streams, flow rates, temperatures, pressures, and control loops is finalized and frozen in this phase.
2. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)
The P&IDs are further developed in this phase to show more and more details of the equipment, piping, instrumentation and controls. Most equipment and instrumentation vendor data is still not reflected in the P&IDs at this time. The “Issued for Design” P&IDs are typically produced at the end of this phase.
3. Equipment Specifications and Datasheets
Detailed datasheets for each piece of equipment, including process and mechanical design parameters, materials, sizes, performance criteria, and operational conditions are prepared for issue to vendors that will provide the necessary equipment.
4. Plot Plan
The plot plan is further developed showing more and more details of the equipment and piping layout.
5. Piping Layouts and Isometrics
A 3D model of the plant showing the detailed piping layouts is developed. From the model, isometric drawings showing the routing, dimensions, and elevations of pipes is generated.
6. Electrical and Instrumentation Single-Line Diagrams (SLDs)
Finalized single-line diagrams showing all electrical components, power distribution networks, and instrumentation connections is prepared. This includes the specification of power sources, transformers, switchgear, and control panels.
7. Controls Philosophy Narrative, Cause and Effect matrix, Interlocks table
To define the controls systems, three main documents are prepared – controls philosophy narrative, cause and effect matrix and interlock table.
8. Safety Studies (HAZOP, LOPA, SIL, etc.)
During the FEED phase, a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study, Safety Integrity Level (SIL) assessments, Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) and other safety studies are carried out. These documents identify potential risks and define mitigation measures.
9. Total Installed Cost Estimate (Class 2)
The Total Installed Cost Estimate is updated from the Pre-FEED phase based on the availability of more engineering data on equipment, piping, instrumentation and civil/structural elements. A comprehensive breakdown of costs, including equipment, materials, labor, construction, and contingencies. The accuracy is typically ±10 to 20%, making it suitable for final budget approval.
10. Project Schedule
A detailed project schedule showing key milestones, critical paths, resource allocation, and the timing of major activities, from procurement and construction to commissioning is developed.
11. Procurement Plan
A detailed procurement schedule, including vendor selection, lead times, purchase orders, and delivery schedules for all critical items is prepared in this phase.
12. 3D Model of the Plant
A detailed 3D model showing the spatial arrangement of equipment, piping, structures, and access routes is generated. This model is used for design reviews, clash detection, and construction planning and for developing material take-offs for cost estimate.
13. Environmental and Regulatory Compliance Documentation
Waste summaries for air, water and solid/liquid waste is put together and permit applications are prepared for submission to various regulatory agencies.
14. Mechanical Equipment List
The comprehensive mechanical equipment list prepared in the pre-FEED phase is updated to reflect any changes in this phase.
15. Constructability Review
All engineering design scope is reviewed from a construction perspective, identifying potential challenges, sequencing of construction activities, and recommendations for improving constructability is made.
16. Project Execution Plan
A detailed plan for project management strategies, resource allocation, timelines, and procedures for managing project changes and risks is prepared.